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We find, using ab initio atomistic simulations of vacancy-mediated diffusion processes in TiC and ZrC, that a multivacancy self-diffusion mechanism is operative for metal-atom diffusion in substoichiometric carbides. It involves a special type of a stable point defect, a metal vacancy ``dressed'' in a shell of carbon vacancies. We show that this vacancy cluster is strongly bound and can propagate through the lattice without dissociating.
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Razumovskiy et al. (2013) studied this question.
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