Dose-response relationships in aluminium toxicity in humans

Toxic aluminium exposure can result in neurotoxicity and bone disease, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Adults with stage 5 chronic kidney disease chronically exposed to aluminium developed aluminium neurotoxicity at higher concentrations than those with aluminium bone disease or with asymptomatic aluminium overload. Aluminium neurotoxicity was reported at lower concentrations following acute exposure to intravesical aluminium. Extrapolating the relevance of these concentrations to the general population is problematic in that the data were derived from oncology patients, however, the possibility that aluminium neurotoxicity may occur at concentrations lower that those reported historically in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease cannot be excluded.