A host-specific phage is genetically modified to tag a tetracysteine (TC) residue to its capsid protein. Upon bacterial infection, the TC tag is expressed on the surface of progeny virions and stained by membrane-permeant biarsenical dye, which results in fluorescence enhancement (see picture). The labeled bacteria are detectable by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
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Wu et al. (2011) studied this question.
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