Centralized Charging Station (CCS) provides a convenient charging and maintenance platform for providing battery charging and delivery services to serve Electric Vehicles (EVs)' battery swapping demands at battery swapping points. This article proposes an operational planning framework for a CCS with integration of photovoltaic solar power sources and an Echelon Battery System (EBS) comprising batteries retired from EVs (known as CCS-PV-EBS). The system is characterized by secondary using retired batteries to support the centrally charging services to the serving batteries. A rolling horizon-based operation strategy is proposed for the CCS-PV-EBS, which consists of a battery charging demand determination process and a multi-objective optimization process. An effective solving approach based on Multi-Objective Natural Aggregation Algorithm (MONAA) is developed for the proposed model. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed method.
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Deng et al. (2020) studied this question.
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