Changes in drug price reduction trends during Japan’s transition to an annualized revision environment: a comparative analysis using open data from the national claims database

Japan's annualized revision environment (2020-2023) was associated with an acceleration in pharmaceutical cost containment, but also with bipolarization across product segments. Marked price erosion in oral drugs, together with pronounced therapeutic heterogeneity, suggests that uniform reductions should be reconsidered to safeguard access and continuity of care.