Prevalence and Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a North Indian Population: a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health challenge in India, driven by urbanization, lifestyle transitions and increasing obesity.Early identification of associated cardiometabolic risk factors is essential to reduce complications and improve disease outcomes.Objectives: To assess the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and to evaluate associated clinical and socioeconomic risk factors among patients attending a tertiary care center in North India.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 696 participants who were evaluated for glycemic status, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and comorbidities.Diabetes and prediabetes were classified according to standard guidelines.Obesity was defined using Asian-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-offs and hypertension was categorized based on established criteria.Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires.Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate comparative tests, with p<0.05 being considered statistically significant.Results: Among the study population, 89.08% of subjects had diabetes and 10.92% prediabetes.Overweight and obesity were observed in 31.88% and 19.34% of participants, respectively.Hypertension