Role of Early Anatomy Ultrasound and Fetal Echocardiography in the Screening and Detection of Anomalies in Diabetic Pregnancies

It is well recognized that diabetes in pregnancy confers an increased risk of fetal anomalies compared with pregnancies without diabetes. The congenital anomaly rate nears the background population in pregnancies that achieve adequate periconception glycemic control. Appropriate diagnosis of anomalies is critical for improving outcomes and allows for the possibility for pregnancy interruption, if desired. There are multiple proposed workflows tailored to detect structural anomalies in pregnancies affected by diabetes. In this chapter, we describe the ability of prenatal ultrasound to detect congenital anomalies associated with diabetes in pregnancy.