Photosystem II Responses at the Whole-Potato-Leaf Level After Colorado Potato Beetle Feeding

The damage caused by herbivores is generally measured as the amount of leaf tissue consumed, without accounting for the fate of the leftover tissue. As a result, the plant defense mechanisms that promote resistance to herbivore feeding by photosynthetically acclimating the rest of the plant to the feeding spot leaf area have not been well exploited. Plant-insect interactions are now becoming better defined with the development of visualization methods that permit spatial whole-leaf assessment of photosynthetic efficiency after herbivore attack. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of photosystem II (PSII) function at the whole-leaf level before and after herbivory by the Colorado potato beetles. Twenty minutes after Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) feeding, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly, suggesting photoinhibition due to reduced efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The decreased quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) after feeding, at the neighboring area of the feeding spot and at the rest of the leaf area, was attributed to the reduced efficiency of the open PSII reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′), since there was no change in the fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp). Nevertheless, plant defense elicitation was activated by the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reduced the singlet oxygen (1O2) formation in potato plants in the neighboring area of the feeding spot and at the rest of the leaf area. In addition, the increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggered by this increase suggests that it acted as a signaling molecule in the biotic stress defense response.