Observations reveal that females exhibit more affiliation and higher status under favorable ecological conditions, suggesting flexibility in social behavior.
These findings show that sex differences in chimpanzee social behavior are partially flexible, and females may show more affiliation, cooperation, and higher status when ecological conditions are favorable. More generally, some forms of female power can emerge even in a species with strong sex biases in behavior for male affiliation and status.
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Bryer et al. (2026) studied this question.
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