Contrasting Maternal, Paternal, and Biparental Ancestry of Populations From the Caribbean Coast of Colombia

The Coast and Center regions showed similar ancestry profiles. The Inland region displayed a contrasting pattern, being mainly composed of Native American maternal lineages and European paternal lineages. Statistically significant differences in mtDNA and AIM-SNP compositions were only found between the Coast and Inland regions, absent for the Y chromosome. The results obtained regarding the prediction of eye, hair, and skin color were as expected based on the ancestry profile of the population. Biogeographic ancestry prediction tools have presented challenges in assigning individuals to the American metapopulation, highlighting the need for better reference datasets from South America, given the great heterogeneity in the admixture patterns they present.