Dialogical Interpretation of Humanism: Charles Taylor, Bhikhu Parekh, and Antonio Gramsci

This paper develops a comprehensive account of the dialogical interpretation of humanism through a critical engagement with the works of Charles Taylor, Bhikhu Parekh, and Antonio Gramsci. It argues that human identity is constituted through processes of dialogue, recognition, cultural embeddedness, and socio-political struggle. Moving beyond classical individualistic humanism, the paper synthesizes philosophical, multicultural, and Marxist perspectives to propose a relational, pluralistic, and transformative model of humanism. By combining conceptual analysis with interpretive textual methodology, the study demonstrates how dialogical humanism provides a normative and analytical framework for understanding identity, diversity, and power in contemporary societies.