Bioconversion of mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernel starch into bioethanol using various fermentation techniques

The potential of mango seed kernel starch (MKS) as a feedstock for bioethanol production was evaluated in this study. Starch extraction and hydrolysis from mango kernel were studied. Fermentation methods included separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SH&F), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SS&CF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SS&F), and modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SS&F) techniques. Drying and wet-milling generated 41.2 g of white starch/100 g flour, and processing with alum gave 58.6/100 g MKS. Hydrolysis of 5 g MKS by sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, malted "acha", and Aspergillus niger amylase for 2 h produced (g/100 mL) 3.97 g, 4.0 g, 4.43 g and 4.24 g of sugar, respectively. Fermentation with 7 g of MKS yielded maximum sugar and ethanol concentrations. Ethanol obtained using SS&CF, SH&F, SS&F and modified SS&F were (v/v); 0.26%, 2.0%, 1.13% and 3.985%, respectively. These results confirmed MKS as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production.