A numerical model of an elastomeric reciprocating hydraulic rod seal, with both a primary and a secondary lip, has been developed. It is applicable to cases in which the stroke length is significantly larger than the seal width. Coupled fluid mechanics, contact mechanics, and deformation analyses are applied to each lip. Mass conservation and the pressure of the intervening fluid couple the two lips to each other. The leakage, the film thickness distribution, the fluid and contact pressure distributions, and the friction force are predicted for both the outstroke and the instroke for a typical seal, operating with mixed lubrication.
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Yang et al. (2008) studied this question.
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