The availability of freshwater has become the primary concern nowadays for modern society. Treatment of wastewater (contaminated by commercial and industrial activities) is an energy-intensive process which depends on the conventional form of energy. Solar energy can provide a viable option for water treatment and has gained an emerging interest. Solar-powered wastewater treatment can vary from simpler one (solar still and SODIS) to mature technology (MD, MSF and RO). Selection of these technologies is very site specific. Solar still and SODIS are suitable for tropical countries having abundant solar energy but lacking investment and skilled manpower. Solar MED is more technologically and economically competitive than solar MSF and solar MD. The PV-RO system is technically feasible but expensive. Upgradation of these technologies could give new market opportunities in the modern era. This paper presents the comprehensive review on the advances and challenges in solar-powered wastewater treatment technologies.
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Sunil Kumar Sansaniwal (2019) studied this question.
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