Many complex scientific and technical systems demonstrate exponential performance progress with time ∝ e +t/C . The characteristic progress time C, a measure of empirical difficulty and complexity, is analyzed for high energy elementary particle colliders, astrophysical searches for galaxies and exoplanets, protein structure determination, and compared with computers and thermonuclear fusion reactors. An explanation of the characteristic exponential progress is offered.
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Vladimir Shiltsev (2011) studied this question.
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