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At the global level, both the incident and DALY cases experienced substantial growth compared to the absolute cases in 1990. However, global age-standardized incidence and DALY rate of urolithiasis were observed to decline from 1990 to 2019. Males' ASIR was higher than females, while the gap narrowed over the years. A weakly positive correlation between ASIR of urolithiasis and SDI was also observed in this study.
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Zhang et al. (2022) studied this question.
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