Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are renowned for their unique optical, electronic, and biocompatible properties, making them ideal for applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, and materials science. With green chemistry-based biological synthesis methods gaining popularity, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical and physical methods techniques have emerged. Plant extract-derived AuNPs stand out for their remarkable medicinal properties, stability, and low reactivity, enhancing their biological applicability. This review explores the different synthesis methodschemical, physical, and biologicalhighlighting their advantages and challenges. We summarize the latest research (Updated until March, 2025), focusing on the most recent developments in the synthesis and multifield application of AuNPs, offering a comprehensive perspective on their potential.
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Sati et al. (2025) studied this question.
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