Family, community, and ethnic capital as entrepreneurial resources: Toward an integrated model

Our study investigates social mechanisms that facilitate the reproduction of an entrepreneurially oriented community structure. We combine qualitative and quantitative data collection, analysis, and interpretation to compare the entrepreneurial attitudes and activity of two matched groups comprising Memons and Non-Memons in Karachi, Pakistan, and to identify the social mechanisms that support the dynamics of intergenerational entrepreneurship support. Findings unveil interdependence among family, community, and ethnic capital, as contextual expressions of social capital that are manifest at different levels of the ethnic social system. We propose a model of the recurrent reproduction of entrepreneurial values, resources, activities, and structures.