Beyond Individualism and Independence: Exploring Collectivism and Interdependence as Paradigms of Healthcare and Health Professions Education

Healthcare and HPE can be effectively examined through the paradigms of collectivism and interdependence, which transcend and challenge the current models of individualism and independence. Collectivism and interdependence offer conceptual and practical tools to reorient HPE toward relational accountability, shared leadership, and compassionate belonging. By embracing these guiding principles, healthcare workers and educators can better prepare for the collaborative, team-based nature of healthcare, and create protective and transformative learning environments.