Moiré effect in displays: a tutorial

The tutorial describes essential features of moir patterns, as well as the circumstances, when the moir patterns appear and how to estimate their characteristics (parameters) such as the orientation and period. The moir effect is described in two domains, the image space (spatial domain) and in the spectral domain using the complex numbers. The tutorial covers the indicial equation method, the coplanar and noncoplanar sinusoidal gratings, the moir effect in a spatial object (a cylinder), as well as explains the moir wave vector, the moir spectra, the spectral trajectories, and summarizes behavior of the visible patterns in moved/rotated gratings.