Advances in principal factors influencing carbon dioxide adsorption on zeolites

We report the advances in the principal structural and experimental factors that might influence the carbon dioxide (CO₂) adsorption on natural and synthetic zeolites. The CO₂ adsorption is principally govern by the inclusion of exchangeable cations (countercations) within the cavities of zeolites, which induce basicity and an electric field, two key parameters for CO₂ adsorption. More specifically, these two parameters vary with diverse factors including the nature, distribution and number of exchangeable cations. The structure of framework also determines CO₂ adsorption on zeolites by influencing the basicity and electric field in their cavities. In fact, the basicity and electric field usually vary inversely with the Si/Al ratio. Furthermore, the CO₂ adsorption might be limited by the size of pores within zeolites and by the carbonates formation during the CO₂ chemisorption. The polarity of molecules adsorbed on zeolites represents a very important factor that influences their interaction with the electric field. The adsorbates that have the most great quadrupole moment such as the CO₂, might interact strongly with the electric field of zeolites and this favors their adsorption. The pressure, temperature and presence of water seem to be the most important experimental conditions that influence the adsorption of CO₂. The CO₂ adsorption increases with the gas phase pressure and decreases with the rise of temperature. The presence of water significantly decreases adsorption capacity of cationic zeolites by decreasing strength and heterogeneity of the electric field and by favoring the formation of bicarbonates. The optimization of the zeolites structural characteristics and the experimental conditions might enhance substantially their CO₂ adsorption capacity and thereby might give rise to the excellent adsorbents that may be used to capturing the industrial emissions of CO₂.