A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative [4 + 3] cyclization of gamma-methylidene-delta-valerolactones with 1,1-dicyanocyclopropanes has been developed to produce cycloheptane derivatives in a convergent manner. This method can be applied to the synthesis of azepanes by reacting with aziridines, and their asymmetric variants have also been described. In addition, selective ring-expansion reactions can be achieved for certain gamma-methylidene-delta-valerolactones to give nondecarboxylated nine-membered lactones.
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Shintani et al. (2009) studied this question.
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