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A J-shaped relationship between age and systemic GDF15 was observed, with men at older age showing steeper increases and elevated GDF15 levels compared with women. Importantly, circulating GDF15 was independently and negatively associated with relative STS power, supporting the potential role of GDF15 as a sensitive biomarker of frailty in older people.
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Alcázar et al. (2021) studied this question.
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