Synergistic Protection of Alpha‐Glucosyl Hesperidin and Procyanidin Against Testicular Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury

The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of alpha‐glucosyl hesperidin (AGH) and procyanidin (PC) against testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a severe medical condition. Seven groups of male rats were divided into control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D+50 mg/kg PC, T/D+25 mg/kg AGH, T/D+50 mg/kg AGH, T/D+50 mg/kg PC+25 mg/kg AGH, and T/D+50 mg/kg PC+50 mg/kg AGH. The evaluation of testicular tissue, sperm quality, oxidative status, gene activity, and fertility levels after T/D was conducted using various tests. The results showed that sperm motility, viability, and plasma membrane functionality, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Bcl-2 gene expression levels, all increased after treatment with AGH or PC and coadministration. Additionally, the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Bax, and caspase-3 gene expression and abnormal morphology and DNA damage decreased compared to the T/D group. The study found that AGH and PC had a more substantial synergistic effect when used together to improve reproductive health following T/D damage.