In a group of athletically active patients, second metatarsophalangeal joint instability was diagnosed in nine patients (11 toes). A positive drawer sign was pathognomonic of early second metatarsophalangeal joint instability. A soft tissue realignment procedure was used to stabilize the second metatarsophalangeal joint in seven toes. In five of seven cases (71%), good to excellent results were noted at an average follow-up of 20.4 months.
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Michael J. Coughlin (1993) studied this question.
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