Measuring negative tourist-to-tourist interaction: scale development and validation

Despite the destructive nature of tourist-to-tourist interactions, previous research efforts focused on service provider–tourist interactions while neglecting negative tourist-to-tourist interactions. Consequently, there is a lack of conceptual clarity on how to measure negative tourist-to-tourist interaction. Following a rigorous methodological procedure and a two-wave study, this paper develops a four-dimensional scale for the measurement of negative tourist-to-tourist interaction. The scale’s predictive validity suggests that negative tourist-to-tourist interaction negatively influences value and memorability. The paper discusses the implications of the findings for measuring negative tourist-to tourist interactions within the context of service design and management in the tourism industry.