We demonstrate the scaling up of the perovskite photovoltaic technology with minimal performance losses by developing stable device architecture with industrially compatible processes. The monofacial (aperture area: 784 cm 2 ) and bifacial (aperture area: 781 cm 2 ) perovskite solar modules exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Moreover, the encapsulated bifacial mini-modules (aperture area: 4 cm 2 ) retained ∼92% of initial PCE after 1000 h of damp heat test.
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Merckx et al. (2023) studied this question.
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