Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Kirk R. Williams, Robert L. Flewelling, The Social Production of Criminal Homicide: A Comparative Study of Disaggregated Rates in American Cities, American Sociological Review, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Jun., 1988), pp. 421-431
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Williams et al. (1988) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: