Reveals the importance of EPAs in assessing competency and trainee autonomy in surgical training, suggesting improved training frameworks.
In Dutch surgical training, EPAs are valued for creating a shared learning model, assessment of competency, and progressing trainee autonomy. Whilst non-operative competencies remain difficult to supervise, EPAs provide a reliable way of linking a trainee's day-to-day performance with competencies, thus supporting a competency-based surgical training program.
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Ealing et al. (2026) studied this question.
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