This meta-analysis identifies post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy as a multifactorial condition determined by the interplay of hepatic functional reserve (Child-Pugh score, ammonia), patient characteristics (age, prior HE), electrolyte balance (sodium), hemodynamic response (PPG reduction), and procedural factors (stent diameter). The quantification of 26 distinct factors underscores the necessity of a comprehensive, multidimensional risk assessment that integrates metabolic, neurological, and hemodynamic profiles.
Hu et al. (2026) studied this question.