A new Pamphorichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliini) from central Brazil

A new species of Pamphorichthys is described from Preto river, tributary of the São Francisco river drainage. The new species is the sister group of the remaining species of Pamphorichthys, showing synapomorphies of the genus, including the reduced number of gonapophyses and gonapophyses tips parallel to the vertebral spine. The diagnosis is given by the following unique features: outer row of teeth on pre-maxilar and dentarium with bilobed incisive teeth; distal segments of the third ray of the gonopodium and an elongated anterior branch of the fourth ray with a putative origin in the fusion of several distal segments; anterior and posterior branches of gonopodium ray 6 with distal segments fused into only one segment; six dorsal-fin rays in males; and urogenital region of reproductive females with heavy dark pigmentation all around the anus and urogenital opening.