This paper presents three different concepts of Ku-band low profile antennas for mobile satcom. First, a low profile fully active phased array aiming to Ku-Band broadcast reception is presented. Two other hybrid phased arrays are presented, one aiming to receive only applications and one for Tx/Rx operations. All the three presented antennas are low profile and suitable for in-vehicle integration.
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Vaccaro et al. (2008) studied this question.