A frequency-agile pattern-reconfigurable self-oscillating active integrated antenna (AIA) is investigated in this paper. With the aid of two PIN diodes and a varactor, the proposed active antenna shows pattern reconfigurability and frequency tunability at the same time. The antenna, composed of two monopoles and a semi-ring radiator, can be switched between four states, with two featuring omnidirectional patterns and the other two having end-fire radiation. The polarizations of the two omnidirectional states are spatially orthogonal to each other. By embedding a varactor diode, the voltage-controlled tuning range is from 4.27 to 4.94 GHz, while the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) varies from 5.4 to 9.3 dBm. The phase noise is better than -102.7 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from the carrier frequency.
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Wu et al. (2014) studied this question.
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