Two-Stage Robust Design of Resilient Active Distribution Networks Considering Random Tie Line Outages and Outage Propagation

This paper proposes a two-stage method for the robust design of resilient active distribution networks (ADNs) against high-impact and low-probability (HILP) events. The line hardening and the deployment of remote-controlled switches (RCSs) are considered as two powerful measures for resilience enhancement. Especially, the hardening of tie lines and the deployment of bilateral tie switches are emphasized as part of the resilient design. A novel progressive detection mechanism (PDM) is devised to estimate the potential propagation of outages and identify surviving nodes outside of the minimum outage area after intentional islanding. The proposed PDM method considers potential RCS locations among regular lines and tie lines on outage to calculate the global optimal design scheme. The two-stage robust design model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The nested column-and-constraint generation (nested C&CG) algorithm is customized to solve the proposed model. Numerical results on a modified IEEE 33-node distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed resilience enhancement method.