Effect of heart rate on left ventricular longitudinal myocardial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fig. 1. Bar graphs of GLS of T2DM patients and normal controls showing significantly higher GLS in T2DM patients with high HR than those with low HR and similar GLS between normal controls with high and low HR

Fig. 2. Bar graphs of sequential logistic regression models showing that one model, based on clinical variables including age, sex, hypertension, and HbA1c, showed an improvement with the addition of LVEF and E/e’ and a further improvement with the addition of HR ≥ 70 bpm

Fig. 3. Representative cases of GLS in a bull’s eye plot of high and low HR subjects in a T2DM patient and a normal control