TiO2-based Photocatalytic Cementitious Composites: Materials, Properties, Influential Parameters, and Assessment Techniques

Applications of heterogeneous photocatalytic processes based on semiconductor particles in cement-based materials have received great attention in recent years in enhancing the aesthetic durability of buildings and reducing global environmental pollution. Amongst all, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is the most widely used semiconductor particle in structural materials with photocatalytic activity because of its low cost, chemically stable nature, and absence of toxicity. Utilization of TiO₂ in combination with cement-based materials would plunge the concentration of urban pollutants such as NOx. In fact, cementitious composites containing TiO₂ have already found applications in self-cleaning buildings, antimicrobial surfaces, and air-purifying structures. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review on TiO₂-based photocatalysis cement technology, its practical applications, and research gaps for further progression of cementitious materials with photocatalytic activity.