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January 1, 2010Psychological Bulletin

Goal-directed aiming: Two components but multiple processes.

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Authors

DEDigby ElliottLiverpool John Moores UniversitySHSteve HansenNipissing UniversityLGLawrence GriersonMcMaster University

Discussion

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Implication

Review demonstrates dynamic sensorimotor mechanisms in healthy and clinical populations, highlighting how predictive planning and online sensory adjustments optimize movement accuracy.

Key Points

  • To review behavioral evidence on goal-directed aiming and present a multiple-process model explaining how speed-accuracy dynamics, sensory expectations, and motor learning govern limb control.
  • Synthesized behavioral literature evaluating voluntary movement control, extending Woodworth's classic two-component model of speed-accuracy trade-offs.
  • Evaluated dynamic motor planning, online trajectory corrections, and motor learning principles across developmental stages, healthy adults, and clinical cohorts (Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and older adults).
  • Formulated a model showing that performers balance speed, accuracy, and energy costs by forming internal representations of expected sensory consequences to counter inherent neural-motor variability.
  • Resolved theoretical tensions between procedural and representational learning accounts by integrating feed-forward strategic planning with rapid sensory-guided online feedback.
  • Identified distinct breakdowns in perceptual-motor precision across special populations resulting from selective deficits in feed-forward estimation or online correction processes.

Cite This Study

Elliott et al. (2010) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69dee7f7210a0977fce95bdahttps://doi.org/10.1037/a0020958
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Accuracy of Children on an Open-Loop Pointing Task1978 · 73 citations
  2. 2Reduced control of motor output in a human hand muscle of elderly subjects during submaximal contractions1993 · 467 citations
  3. 3The Visual Regulation of Goal-Directed Reaching Movements in Adults with Williams Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Other Developmental Delays2006 · 33 citations