Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Figures

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  Figure 1. The process of selecting randomized controlled trials.

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  Figure 2. Funnel plot of publication bias for low-frequency power.

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  Figure 3. Effects of mind–body exercise on the normalized low-frequency power (LF = low frequency power; Ex = Exercise control group, UC = usual care).

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  Figure 4. Effects of mind–body exercise on the normalized high-frequency power.

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  Figure 5. Effects of mind–body exercise on the normalized high-frequency power (Ex = exercise control, UC = usual care).

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  Figure 6. Funnel plot of publication bias for low-frequent to high-frequency ratio.

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  Figure 7. Effects of mind–body exercises on low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio = low frequency to high frequency ratio: Ex = Exercise control, WL = waitlist, UC = usual care).

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  Figure 8. Effects of mind–body exercises on stress reduction (Ex = exercise control, MF = mindfulness control).