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April 15, 2026Psychological Medicine2 citationsOpen Access

Why does FND mainly affect women? A consideration of gender imbalance in neuropsychiatric disease

RBRichard C. J. BradlowThe University of MelbourneLWLaure von der WeidUniversity of FribourgSZSav ZwicklThe University of Melbourne

Key Points

  • The central aim is to understand why functional neurological disorder (FND) predominantly affects women.
  • Analyzed the interplay of biological and social factors contributing to gender differences.
  • Conducted a review of existing literature regarding FND and gender influences.
  • Explored the implications for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
  • Identified significant biological vulnerabilities associated with women.
  • Highlighted social adversities that exacerbate the risk of FND in women.
  • Emphasized the need for education to reduce stigma around FND.

Abstract

The marked gender imbalance in FND arises from the interplay of biological vulnerability and gendered social adversity. Understanding these intersecting influences is essential for reducing stigma and guiding future research, diagnosis, and treatment. The findings support the need for a gender-sensitive, biopsychosocial approach to FND care, and investigation.

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Cite This Study

Bradlow et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69df2c01e4eeef8a2a6b0e87https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291726104085
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