This study compared the changes in engine performance variables using diesel/1-butanol blended fuels for a naturally aspirated compression ignition diesel engine. The concentrations of 1-butanol were 10%, 30%, and 50% by volume. The experimental results showed a decrease in brake torque and brake power using blended fuels due to the lower calorific value and the cooling effect caused by the high heat of vaporization that suppresses combustion reactions. The oxygen contained in 1-butanol can promote combustion reactions and increase thermal efficiency. However, as the 1-butanol volume ratio increases, overall thermal efficiency decreases due to the ignition delay and the lower combustion temperatures. As the engine speed increases, the air-fuel ratio decreases, forming a richer mixture, and the longer ignition delay leads to an increasing trend in exhaust gas temperature.
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Kwon et al. (2023) studied this question.