Patients’ knowledge and perceptions of ionizing radiation from medical imaging in Saudi Arabia

Ionizing radiation significantly enhances diagnostic procedures in medical imaging. Understanding patients’ knowledge and perceptions of its health risks is essential for informed decision-making and patient-centered care. This study aimed to correlate patients’ demographic characteristics with their knowledge and perceptions of diagnostic medical ionizing radiation in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate their sources of information, with the broader goal of identifying gaps in this area that need to be addressed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in November and December 2023 with 1024 patients from seven hospitals who underwent diagnostic medical imaging using ionizing radiation. The data collection involved a structured survey assessing the patients’ knowledge and perceptions of ionizing radiation and their sources of information. The study included 1024 participants, comprising 630 men and 394 women. Notable gaps were found in patients’ understanding of the risks associated with ionizing radiation. Only 22 % of the participants were aware of the sources of natural ionizing radiation. Knowledge of ionizing radiation used in CT scans and mammography was limited, with correct identification rates of 32.2 % and 7.8 %, respectively. Additionally, a minority correctly identified ultrasound (34 %) and MRI (26 %) as non-ionizing radiation methods. Good knowledge of ionizing radiation was observed in 29.7 % of the participants. Higher age, female gender, unmarried status, and higher educational qualifications were associated with higher knowledge scores. Most participants preferred receiving information from medical professionals, particularly radiologists (81.4 %). The findings highlight the need for improved patient education on the hazards of diagnostic medical ionizing radiation. Healthcare providers should develop clear, understandable educational materials to help patients make informed healthcare choices. Further research is needed to identify effective educational interventions and patient communication strategies.