With the rapid development of 6G communication, optoelectronic integration, and advanced stealth technologies, electromagnetic functional materials are increasingly required to achieve collaborative broadband responses across microwave, terahertz, and optical bands, posing urgent demands for breakthroughs in multispectral electromagnetic response mechanisms and device innovation. This perspective systematically reviews the research advances in 2D electromagnetic materials and their derived multispectral devices, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the correlations between material structures, electromagnetic properties, and multispectral response behaviors. We systematically look ahead at the future development directions of multi-spectral electromagnetic responses and devices from five key aspects, encompassing cross-domain signal conversion systems, environment-driven full-spectrum adaptive reconstruction, interface polarization engineering of low-dimensional nanomaterials, cross-domain integration under extreme environments, and programmability of dynamic spectral responses. These guidelines are intended to lay a theoretical and technical foundation for advancing the development of next-generation intelligent electromagnetic systems, thereby facilitating their applications in fields such as communications, sensing, medicine, and national defense.
Bian et al. (2026) studied this question.