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Open label randomized control trial compares analgesia effectiveness in patients undergoing open heart surgery, indicating significant benefits of intrathecal morphine.
ITM administered prior to induction provides superior postoperative analgesia compared to bilateral ESPB in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. It significantly reduces opioid requirements, improves patient satisfaction, and enhances postoperative pulmonary function.
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Karuppiah et al. (2026) studied this question.
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