Evaluation of a novel multielectrode surgical Pulsed Field Ablation clamp: An ex-vivo vegetal study

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Depicts the Custom Engineered Epicardial PFA Clamp and a Graphical Representation of PFA Energy Delivery. Panel A shows the orientation and dimensions of the ‘pill’ shaped electrodes on the jaws of the PFA clamp. Panel B shows the epicardial multielectrode PFA clamp to scale. Panel C shows a graphical representation of the mechanism of PFA energy delivery with the multielectrode clamp. Abbreviatios: Bc, breadth of the clamp; Be, breadth of the electrode; Lc, length of the clamp; Le, length of the electrode; r, radius; Se, separation between electrodes; We, width of the electrode.

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  Figure 2.. Figure Showing the Various Formulae Used for Calculation of the Volume of Ablated Tissue. Panel A Shows the Ideal Transmural Lesion with a Narrow Cuboid. Panel B Shows a Transmural Lesion but with Trapezoid Prism Shape with Funnelling of Lesions. Panel C Shows a Non-Transmural Lesion with a Characteristic Prism Shape

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  Figure 3.. Evolution of Ablation Lesions in a 30 mm TS Specimen. 2800 V/2 Applications Were Given. Purple Arrow Denotes the Formation of Melanin at the Surface with Faint Lesions in the Depth of the Tissue. Red Arrow Depicts the Generation of Definite Ablation Lesions at the Mid Segment but in the Absence of the Melanin Border. At 72 Hours, Completion of Ablation Noted with Formation of Distinct Ablation Margins Due to Melanin Generation

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  Figure 4.. Figure Shows the Characteristic Shapes of Lesions in Whole Specimens (Panels A and B) and Sliced Halves (Panels C and D). Panels A/C Shows the Lesions without Surface Extension and Panels B/D Shows the Ablation Lesions with Surface Extension

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  Figure 5.. Non Transmural Apple-Core Lesions Seen with the Lowest Energy (1400 V/2 Applications) on the Thickest Specimens (30 mm). There is Limited Extension of Ablation Lesions to the Depth of the Tissue

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  Figure 6.. Figure Shows Multiple Linear Regression Curves with % Volume on Y Axis and Voltage on X Axis. Assuming the Uniform Pattern of Linear Regression Noted with 4 Applications across All Specimen Thicknesses, the Possible Ideal Voltages at Which Observed %Volume = 100% Are Shown Where the Curves Intersect: 958 V for 10 mm/928 V for 20 mm/1044 V for the 30 mm Specimens