This research demonstrates a phototransistor that adapts its response to light intensity, enhancing machine vision in variable lighting conditions.
The limited dynamic range and fixed response polarity of conventional photodetectors pose significant challenges for machine vision in real-world, rapidly changing illumination, leading to either blindness in low light or saturation in glare. We present a retina-inspired phototransistor based on a CdS–MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction that exhibits light-intensity-switchable photo-response polarity, enabled by gate-tunable charge recombination/injection dynamics. The device seamlessly integrates optical encryption and adaptive noise filtering in a single platform, achieving a 94.2% digit recognition accuracy under high glare. This work demonstrates a single-device platform that synergistically integrates adaptive perception, secure communication, and neuromorphic preprocessing, offering a compact and energy-efficient hardware solution for next-generation intelligent vision systems in robotics, surveillance, and human–machine interfaces.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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