What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the shoulder rotation test in distinguishing between functional and structural weakness.

April 17, 2026Brain and Behavior0 citationsOpen Access

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Shoulder Rotation Test: A New Test for Discriminating Between Functional and Structural Weakness

TKTakamichi KanbayashiTeikyo University MSM SonooTeikyo University

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the shoulder rotation test in distinguishing between functional and structural weakness.
Used shoulder rotation test to assess upper limb weakness.
Compared responses in cases of functional weakness (FW) and structural weakness (SW).
Increased impairment in internal rotation (IR) observed in cases of functional weakness.
IR remained stable in structural weakness cases.

Abstract

IR was preferentially weakened in FW, which is thought to be due to the preferential impairment of an "active" movement. In contrast, IR was not easily weakened in SW. The shoulder rotation test is a promising new test for discriminating between FW and SW of the upper limbs.

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Shoulder Rotation Test: A New Test for Discriminating Between Functional and Structural Weakness

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