This research examines fitness costs linked to Vip3Aa resistance in Helicoverpa zea, indicating the need for non-Bt refuges.
Significant differences in survivorship, developmental time, pupal mass, and reproduction among the Vip3A-resistant (RR), -susceptible (SS) and -heterozygous (R♂S♀ and R♀S♂) H. zea strains on the three hosts, revealed clear evidence of fitness costs associated with Vip3Aa resistance. These findings support the value of abundant non-Bt refuges in limiting the evolution of H. zea resistance to Vip3Aa in the field.
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Kennedy et al. (2026) studied this question.
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