Wind environment around Chinese ancient pavilions: Study of single-eave and double-eave four-corner pavilions

The protection and restoration of ancient pavilions, an important part of China’s cultural heritage, is essential. This article uses computational fluid dynamics to analyze the wind loads on single-eave and double-eave four-corner pavilions, with a focus on double-eave pavilions featuring elevated or enclosed second floors. Results indicate that the ridges and columns of the four-corner pavilions are subjected to notable wind forces, leading to severe damage and weathering. By contrast, the enclosed second-floor structure of the double-eave pavilion acts as a wind barrier, reducing wind pressure on other parts of the pavilion. Furthermore, considering the potential relevance of the double-eave four-corner pavilion structure for modern building design, this study also explores the impact of second-floor height on the wind environment around the pavilion.