The transition to renewable energy is intégral to addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change, while enhancing energy security and enabling sustainable development. This study critically examines the contributions of solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal technologies to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. It presents an analysis of both global and Indian contexts, with particular emphasis on policy frameworks, technological advancements, and persistent challenges. The study highlights the role of renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions and minimizing environmental degradation. The findings suggest that advancements in energy storage, smart grid infrastructure, and green hydrogen are poised to significantly accelerate the ongoing renewable energy transition toward a sustainable and resilient future.
PN et al. (2026) studied this question.