Modern Intergration of AIr Defence System

Air defence systems play a critical role in safeguarding regions from aerial threats by detecting, tracking, and responding to potential intrusions. Conventional systems, however, are costly, complex, and difficult to replicate for research and educational purposes. To overcome these challenges, this project proposes the design and implementation of a scaled air defence system using an Arduino Uno (ATmega328P) as the central controller. The system integrates multiple sensors, including Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) for target detection, a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring, an ultrasonic sensor for motion and distance detection, a gas sensor for hazardous gas level monitoring, and an ESP32 camera for real-time visual surveillance. The Arduino processes sensor inputs and controls two servo motors, enabling horizontal and vertical turret movement to track detected targets. A Node MCU Wi-Fi module connects the system to the Internet of Things (IoT), with real-time monitoring and control facilitated through the Blynk application. This low-cost, compact prototype demonstrates the fusion of sensing, actuation, and IoT communication for intelligent defence automation. The proposed system not only simulates air defence mechanisms but also provides a scalable platform for future advancements in smart surveillance, security systems, and defence-related research.